How did technology redefine design, and what does it take to master the same? Let’s find out!
Digital platforms have become the most common medium of communication and marketing, so much so that the era we live in is referred to as ‘the digital age’. And, Design plays a humongous role in it.
Design is responsible for creating the relationship we have with computers. What is programmed in terms of bits (zeroes and ones) is translated into colors, visuals, and images. But what exactly is that relationship? How does the digital meet the design? What’s the difference between digital and graphic design? And in a time when visibility is a marker of credibility, how can one create better visuals?
In this article, we try to answer these questions and understand what it means to be a digital designer.
Topics discussed in the article:
- What is Digital Design
- Characteristics of Digital Design
- Digital Design VS Graphic Design
- Types of Digital Design
- Who is a Digital Designer
- The Path to Becoming a Digital Designer
- Future of Digital Design
- Final Thoughts
What is Digital Design
The term ‘digital design’ is quite self-explanatory. In the most basic sense, the design that we see on the internet via phones, laptops, displays, etc., is commonly perceived as digital design. Over the years, it has become an integral part of urban culture, enabled further by mass distribution and adoption of online design tools like Canva, InDesign, and InVideo. These shifts have shaped how digital design is defined in practice.
When it comes to definitions, much of the general rhetoric relies on technical and practical terms, such as ‘design intended to show up on a screen rather than a printed page’, or ‘process of designing the interactions of a digital product on any digital device’, or ‘organising visuals and creating interactions for digital products’. Based on these definitions, it can be understood that digital design is a means of visual communication used to create the perception of a certain product.
Beyond definitions, it’s important to see how digital design functions in practice. Design is part of the marketing operation, and so digital design has to look good, feel good, and be memorable while communicating the message clearly. This means that digital design is more than a craft or a skill of using a tool like Illustrator or CorelDRAW. These are just means and not the essence. In fact, it is the meaning conveyed by the design, more than the technique, that lends the design its impact.
Characteristics of Digital Design
To understand the characteristics of digital design, it is important to look at two things, namely: stages in the development of digital design from where certain ideas took birth, and their interpretations by certain designers that paved the way forward from that point onwards. The book Digital Design: A History, by Stephen J. Eskilson, is a 2023 compilation of the history of digital design, and its various interpretations establish that digital design has the following traits:
1. Pluralistic
In the 60s, MIT engineer Steven Coons launched the Sketchpad, a software considered the ancestor of modern computer-aided design, which was later used to simulate parametric architectures (pattern designs based on math equations). In the mid-80s, Zuzana Licko created bitmap fonts for the Macintosh GUI, challenged by the constraints of the 72 dpi (dots per inch) resolution of the monitors and printers. In the 90s, John Maeda experimented with computer programming and images to create new HCI (human-computer interaction) at MIT.
Experimenting with technology in their own ways, Coons came up with the digital canvas, Licko created typography, which was the first new-age computer type, and Maeda found new ways of interacting with the computer. These efforts, among many, show that digital design is a confluence of different streams of inspiration, and in that it is pluralistic.
2. Recontextualized
It just so happens that the intellectual, aesthetic, and problem-solving frameworks of earlier design have been recontextualized to suit modern digital design. One such recontextualizing of design happened when the French automaker Citroën, with its DS model, sought to create aerodynamic and visually aesthetic car bodies in the 1950s. They faced the problem of translating curves into metallic components, which were difficult to manufacture at the time. To solve this, mathematicians like Paul de Faget de Casteljau and Pierre Bézier created algorithms that mathematically represented curves (now popularly known as Bézier curves).
These methods laid the foundation for computer-aided design (CAD) software. The CAD software principles were recontextualized, leading to the development of vector graphics, which were then again recontextualized, leading to the development of popular design tools like Canva, InDesign, etc.
3. Process Oriented
In digital design processes, decisions are shaped by how people engage with computers and the constraints or affordances those technologies present. For example, the rise of desktop publishing in the 1980s changed print layout by making the design process more accessible and experimental, through software like PageMaker and other tools bundled with the Apple Macintosh computer. This change affected the dominant practice of traditional typesetting methods, which were mechanically intensive tasks (hand-setting metal or wooden movable type), and allowed everyday computer users outside of large publishing houses to manipulate text, images, and grids on their computers. This shift gave people the idea that design is not limited to something that happens on the paper or screen (ad posters, banners, and displays) we lay our eyes on, but in the process that occurred before it, in the process of bringing the elements together and going through the time-consuming task of design. This happened because Apple Macintosh sold the process itself as a product by making it accessible.
4. Dynamic
Digital design is constantly being redefined because of technological change and cultural debates. What was once cutting-edge, like early desktop publishing, quickly becomes outdated as new platforms emerge. Moreover, the meaning of digital design is contested: some argue it should prioritize usability, others creativity, and still others ethical considerations like privacy.
Most recently, the world has seen the rise of AI tools and services made available to an extent that the medium of information delivery on the internet has changed. Before AI, users would search and sift through web pages, validating information by themselves. The distribution of AI across internet channels shortened that process and made getting to the result quick and efficient. It would be accurate to say that AI has changed the design of how we use the internet, and that’s a classic example of why digital design is dynamic.
Digital Design VS Graphic Design
Generally, graphic design caters to visuals that are meant to serve the print format, while digital design is meant to serve the digital format. This distinction is essential only in terms of the process, for a digital designer doesn't need to know principles of print design, such as color matching and printing techniques, that a graphic designer must.
However, both types of designers use the same design software, fundamental design principles, color theories, and have to be creative thinkers and have a good understanding of visual communication. What sets them apart is the industry-specific practice of working in a specific medium. Graphic designers work for the print media, and digital designers work in the digital media.
Graphic design focuses on aesthetics, processes, and cultural context. Digital design, by contrast, is more fluid. It expands the application of graphic or print principles to screen-based interfaces. It should be noted that digital design, as we know it today, evolved from the inception of Tim Berners-Lee’s Web in the early 90s, while graphic design, by this time, was an established art form related to print media.
Types of Digital Design
Digital Design is a constellation of overlapping fields. Each of these emerged out of specialisation and technological advances. Below is an exploration of the major types of digital design: UI design, UX design, graphic design, virtual design, and web design.
1. UI Design
User Interface (UI) design is one of the most visible forms of digital design that solves for users interacting with screens, menus, icons, and controls. UI design evolved alongside the rise of personal computers and mobile devices, where designers had to think about how information was organized and how users navigated it. The challenge for UI designers was aesthetic and functional, since they had to create interfaces that communicated clearly while reducing cognitive load. Today, most UIs run on CSS, JavaScript, and touchscreen gestures. UI design and its various forms, such as Voice UI and Tab UI, have borrowed principles from print design, like typography, hierarchy, and balance, but had to adapt them to accommodate motion, feedback, and real-time interaction. Landing page, restaurant kiosk, and ATM interfaces are all examples of UI design solutions.
2. UX Design
User Experience (UX) design builds on UI by considering how users feel and respond while interacting with digital systems. As the internet became accessible and websites and apps became more sophisticated, companies sought designs that used logic and algorithms to anticipate user behavior. Designers then sought to understand user patterns, feedback loops, and other unknown variables, which made UX a discipline that is now heavily grounded in research and consumer psychology.
3. Graphic Design
Graphic design emerged as a study of visuals that can be traced back to movements such as modernism, where clarity, geometry, and functionality were paramount. It carries these aspects into new domains, using typography and color to structure information in a way that is aesthetically pleasing, above all things. Today, we have graphic design as a field of study and profession that finds its value in the marketing and advertising industry. The above-mentioned branches of digital design, namely UI, UX, and graphic design, work in tandem to create communication and solutions for branding. Designing posters, logos, brand style guides, etc, is the responsibility of a graphic designer.
4. Web Design
Web design is where the distinctions between UI, UX, and graphic design converge. Tim Berners-Lee’s first web pages in the early 1990s were the starting point, where content was presented in a plain, functional format. As technology evolved, web designers used scripting languages, multimedia, and frameworks, like Flash and CSS, to create interactive pages. Web design became a field where commerce, art, and communication merged, so designers had to adapt layouts and navigation and come up with new styles of visual storytelling for new devices and user expectations. It continues to remain one of the most accessible forms of digital design.
5. Virtual Design
Virtual design refers to the immersive experiences that engage users in simulated environments. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) design move beyond flat screens to interaction in 3D space, for instance, the Apple VisionPro, which had designers rethink perception and feedback. Architects and engineers also embraced virtual design by using parametric modeling and algorithmic tools to simulate structures before building them physically in the real world. Experimentation with forms, materials, and environments that respond to user actions or changing contexts across various industries has seen increased adoption in recent years, for example, 3D printing.
Who is a Digital Designer
A digital designer is an artist who solves problems using creativity at the intersection of technology and expression. Straightforwardly, their goal is to communicate messages effectively and enhance the user experience. Viewers are informed or guided through a digital medium such as a web interface, an animated banner, or a motion graphic. Digital designers wear several hats, such as marketers, strategists, art directors, and film makers, among many.
‘Design’ acquired its modern connotation in the mid-twentieth century, when practices such as industrial arts, graphic print, and architecture coalesced into a unified intellectual endeavor. It evolved from mere craft to a cerebral process. Thus, being an expert in tool usage does not equal skill, and is not enough for a digital designer. There has to be a thinker inside the designer, because in the digital era, the designer’s work shapes how people relate emotionally and cognitively to technology.
The Path to Becoming a Digital Designer
Becoming a digital designer requires technical skill, creativity, and an understanding of human interaction with technology. The journey can take multiple routes, each supported by educational practices and industry standards. Read on for a few options.
1. Formal Education vs. Self-Learning
A degree in graphic design, interaction design, computer science, or related fields can provide foundational knowledge in typography, user experience, and tools, and can help you set yourself on a path in academia. However, the corporate sector measures credibility differently and prioritizes experience and skill over qualification. You can work on personal projects, freelance, or study from online courses to become a self-taught, independent designer. Formal education provides credentials and networking opportunities, while the self learning route, which requires discipline, gives real exposure and growth opportunities.
2. Gaining Experience
In the field of design, making mistakes is how you learn quickly, and internships, freelance projects, or contributions to open-source initiatives provide exposure and opportunities to make mistakes and understand. Knowing what doesn’t work more than what does should be your approach to a design project. Network through industry events or online communities like Dribbble, LinkedIn, and Behance. Experience will give you communication skills, project management skills, and most importantly, teach you how to be part of a team.
3. Building a Portfolio
Since designers are known by their work, a portfolio of real or mock projects is essential for showing visual understanding and problem-solving skills in general. Case studies explaining the design process and tools used (such as Adobe Suite or Figma) are valued. Employers prioritize portfolios that demonstrate a deeper understanding of visual design that includes aesthetics as well as practical application.
Future of Digital Design
The future of digital design is related to advancements in technology. It is surprisingly simple to notice that changes in tech change how people use it, which then invites changes in meaning systems, norms, and consequently user behavior. Emerging trends like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and generative design have already changed how designers approach problems. AI tools have been fit into workflows and are being used to automate repetitive tasks, so that designers can focus on more creative aspects of design.
The conversation on “Will AI take my job?” is the hottest topic on the internet. Professors in universities are expressing their fears and apprehensions. Tech podcasts on YouTube are addressing the matter. In a recent interview with YouTuber Varun Mayya, Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, says, “Taste still really matters”, which means that no matter how good the tools get compared to paper and pencil, we will still need good design. Therefore, as future designers, getting familiar with AI tools, while making efforts to understand the essential meaning of good design, is the way forward.
Final Thoughts
As tools change and possibilities expand, the designer’s task remains the same: to give meaning and clarity. Whether you’re beginning or already practicing, remember that technology improves skill, but it is meaning (and taste) that defines great design, and the same goes for digital design.
The future will keep shifting, but the essence of good design, that is, communicating ideas effectively and beautifully, will always be the foundation. To remain relevant, spend efforts staying curious, learn new tools like AI, and keep creativity at the core of what you do.
Next Steps
If you’d like to know more about graphic design or related topics, head over to the AND Academy blog for more articles. For more insights, we recommend you check out Bibin S’s Brand Identity Project in graphic design.
In case you need further assistance, here are some of our resources you can consider:
- Watch this session by design veteran and AND’s Academic Head, Prachi Mittal, and our Course Lead, Soumya Tiwari.
- Talk to a course advisor to discuss how you can transform your career with one of our courses.
- Pursue our Graphic Design courses - all courses are taught through live, interactive classes by industry experts, and some even offer a Job Guarantee.
- Take advantage of the scholarship and funding options that come with our courses to overcome any financial hurdle on the path of your career transformation.
Note: All information and/or data from external sources is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication.
